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Battle of Tempe Gorge
The Battle of Tempe Gorge, also known as the Battle of Pinios Gorge, was a rearguard action fought by Australian and New Zealand troops during the German invasion of Greece on 18 April 1941. The battle was fought amidst the advance of German forces through central Greece, and saw a brigade-sized element dubbed "Anzac Force" fight a delaying action against elements of two German divisions, supported by armoured forces. During a day of hard fighting, the defending Anzacs suffered heavy casualties and were forced back from the gorge, but their stand allowed other Allied forces to withdraw through Larissa, and afterwards a new defensive position was established around Thermopylae.
==Background==
As the main Allied contingent retreated from German forces towards the south of Greece, a holding action was determined to be needed to delay the pursuing Germans at Tempe Gorge, a site deemed suitable for the defence. The force allocated for this action was dubbed "Anzac Force". It was relatively small, consisting of two battalions from the Australian 16th Brigade, 2nd Australian Imperial Force – the 2/2nd and 2/3rd – fighting alongside New Zealand forces consisting of the 21st Battalion, the 26th Battery of the 4th Field Regiment and L Troop of 7th Anti Tank Regiment.〔(Green, Olwyn Speech at 2/2nd reunion event, 2/2 AIF Battalion reunion, Sydney, Anzac Day 2010 )〕 Some of the units had seen action recently in Libya against the Italians, before being hastily transported to Greece to help against the German invasion. Anzac Force was commanded by Brigadier Arthur Samuel Allen. The Australian units were armed with mortars, small arms and anti tank rifles, while the New Zealand force had artillery pieces, including 25 pounders, but were short of ammunition. The Boys anti-tank rifles were largely ineffective, and the Bren Gun Carriers were due for replacement.〔(Loughnan, R. J. M. "Divisional Cavalry Part of: The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945" ) Historical Publications Branch, 1963, Wellington P 51 http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2DiCa-c5.html〕 At that time, there was almost no British armour in Greece, many tanks having been destroyed by Waffen SS tanks at the Battle of Vevi on 13 April.〔(Ewer, Dr Peter "Forgotten ANZACS: the campaign in Greece, 1941" an address Royal United Services Institute of New South Wales 29 April 2010 published online )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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